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Just Other Articles - Spam Filters Explained
What do they do? How do they work? Which one is right for me?
By Alan Hearnshaw
Spam is a very real problem that many people have to deal with on a daily basis. For those that have decided to do something about it and start to investigate the options available in spam filtering, this artic
Spam is a very real problem that many people have to deal with on a daily basis. For those that have decided to do something about it and start to investigate the options available in spam filtering, this artic
According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product
le provides a brief introduction to your options and the types of spam filters available.
Despite the bewildering array of spam filters available today, all claiming to the best one “of its kind” there are really just five filtering methodologies in general use today and all products rely o
Despite the bewildering array of spam filters available today, all claiming to the best one “of its kind” there are really just five filtering methodologies in general use today and all products rely o
; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.
Examples of combination products may in
Examples of combination products may in
one, or a combination of these:
Content-Based Filters
“In the beginning, there were content-based filters.”
These filters scan the contents of the and look for tell-tale signs that the message is spam. In the early days of spamming it was quite simple to look out for “Kill Words” such as
Content-Based Filters
“In the beginning, there were content-based filters.”
These filters scan the contents of the and look for tell-tale signs that the message is spam. In the early days of spamming it was quite simple to look out for “Kill Words” such as
lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.
”Lose Weight” and mark a message as spam if it was found.
Very soon though, spammers got wise to this and started resorting to all kinds of tricks to get their message past the filters. The days of “obfuscation” had begun. We started getting messages containing the phrase “L0se Welght”
Very soon though, spammers got wise to this and started resorting to all kinds of tricks to get their message past the filters. The days of “obfuscation” had begun. We started getting messages containing the phrase “L0se Welght”
here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe
(Notice the zero for “o” and “l” for “i”) and even more bizarre – and sometimes quite ingenious – variations.
This rendered basic content-based filters somewhat ineffective, although there are one or two on the market now that are clever enough to “see through” theses attempts and still pro
This rendered basic content-based filters somewhat ineffective, although there are one or two on the market now that are clever enough to “see through” theses attempts and still pro
d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.
Combination pro
Combination pro
vide good results.
Bayesian Based Filters
“The Reverend Bayes comes to the rescue”
Born in London 1702, the son of a minister, Thomas Bayes developed a formula which allowed him to determine the probability of an event occurring based on the probabilities of two or more independent eviden
Bayesian Based Filters
“The Reverend Bayes comes to the rescue”
Born in London 1702, the son of a minister, Thomas Bayes developed a formula which allowed him to determine the probability of an event occurring based on the probabilities of two or more independent eviden
ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc
iary events.
Bayesian filters “learn” from studying known good and bad messages. Each message is split into single “word bytes”, or tokens and these tokens are placed into a database along with how often they are found in each kind of message.
When a new message arrives to be tested by the
Bayesian filters “learn” from studying known good and bad messages. Each message is split into single “word bytes”, or tokens and these tokens are placed into a database along with how often they are found in each kind of message.
When a new message arrives to be tested by the
easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi
filter, the new message is also split into tokens and each token is looked up in the database. Extrapolating results from the database and applying a form of the good reverend’s formula, know as the a “Naive Bayesian” formula, the message is given a “spamicity” rating and can be dealt with
nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically
ccordingly.
Bayesian filters typically are capable of achieving very good accuracy rates (>97% is not uncommon), and require very little on-going maintenance.
Whitelist/Blacklist Filters
“Who goes there, friend or foe?”
This very basic form of filtering is seldom used on its own nowadays
Bayesian filters typically are capable of achieving very good accuracy rates (>97% is not uncommon), and require very little on-going maintenance.
Whitelist/Blacklist Filters
“Who goes there, friend or foe?”
This very basic form of filtering is seldom used on its own nowadays
and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ
, but can be useful as part of a larger filtering strategy.
A “whitelist” is nothing more than a list of e-mail addresses from which you wish to accept communications. A whitelist filter would only accept messages from these people and all others would be rejected
A “blacklist”, conversely
A “whitelist” is nothing more than a list of e-mail addresses from which you wish to accept communications. A whitelist filter would only accept messages from these people and all others would be rejected
A “blacklist”, conversely
ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi
is a list of e-mail addresses - and sometimes IP Addresses (computer identification addresses) - from which communications will not be accepted.
While this may seem like a good idea from the outset, a whitelist methodology is too restrictive for most people and, as virtually all spam e-mai
While this may seem like a good idea from the outset, a whitelist methodology is too restrictive for most people and, as virtually all spam e-mai
ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.
Following aspects would a
Following aspects would a
ls carry a forged “from” address, there is little point in collecting this address to ban it in future as it is very unlikely to be the same next time.
There are bodies on the internet that maintain a list of known “bad” sources of e-mail. Many filters today have the ability to query these
There are bodies on the internet that maintain a list of known “bad” sources of e-mail. Many filters today have the ability to query these
dd to the challenges in developing combination products:
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
ervers to see if the message they are looking at comes from a source identified by this Internet-based blacklist, or RBL. While being quite effective, they do tend to suffer from “false positives” where good messages are incorrectly identified as spam. This happens often with newsletters.
C
C
cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
hallenge/Response Filters
“Open sesame!”
Challenge/Response filters are characterised by their ability to automatically send a response to a previously unknown sender asking them to take some further action before their message will be delivered. This is often referred to as a "Turing Test
“Open sesame!”
Challenge/Response filters are characterised by their ability to automatically send a response to a previously unknown sender asking them to take some further action before their message will be delivered. This is often referred to as a "Turing Test
tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
- named after a test devised by British mathematician Alan Turing to determine if machines could “think”.
Recent years have seen the appearance of some internet services which automatically perform this Challenge/Response function for the user and require the sender of an e-mail to visit t
Recent years have seen the appearance of some internet services which automatically perform this Challenge/Response function for the user and require the sender of an e-mail to visit t
t?
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
heir web site to facilitate the receipt of their message.
Critics of this system claim it to be too drastic a measure and that it sends a message that "my time is more important than yours" to the people trying to communicate with you.
For some low traffic e-mail users though, this system
Critics of this system claim it to be too drastic a measure and that it sends a message that "my time is more important than yours" to the people trying to communicate with you.
For some low traffic e-mail users though, this system
ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
lone may be a perfectly acceptable method of completely eliminating spam from their inbox - one step above the "Whitelist" system outlined above.
Community Filters
“A united front”
These types of filters work on the principal of "communal knowledge" of spam. When a user receives a spam me
Community Filters
“A united front”
These types of filters work on the principal of "communal knowledge" of spam. When a user receives a spam me
y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products
ssage, they simply mark it as such in their filter. This information is sent to a central server where a “fingerprint” of the message is stored.
After enough people have “voted” this message to be spam, then it is stopped from reaching all the other people in the community.
This type of fi
After enough people have “voted” this message to be spam, then it is stopped from reaching all the other people in the community.
This type of fi
.
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
tering can prove to be quite effective, although it stands to reason that it can never be 100% effective as a few people have to receive the spam for it to be “flagged” in the first place. Just like its similar cousin the Internet black list (RBL), this system also can suffer from “false pos
elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
itives”, or messages incorrectly identified as spam.
Hopefully you are now armed with a little more information to be able to make an informed decision on the best spam filter for you.
For further information, consider reading the reviews and articles found at http://www.whichspamfilter.co
Hopefully you are now armed with a little more information to be able to make an informed decision on the best spam filter for you.
For further information, consider reading the reviews and articles found at http://www.whichspamfilter.co
tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products
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